Ingredient index

Also seen as: D2 ergocalciferol, calciferol, IU

What it is

The most widely supplemented vitamin; used in bone, muscle and immune products. D3 is the animal-derived form (lanolin or lichen for vegan), D2 the plant/yeast form.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 5 µg/day, US DV 20 µg/day. Labels often state IU — 1 µg = 40 IU, so 1,000 IU is 25 µg.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the label states µg or IU (it should be unambiguous), the carrier oil, and whether the product is vegan-certified (D2 or lichen D3) if that matters to your market.

Cautions worth knowing

Population reference values are not personal targets; national health bodies publish upper limits well above the NRV and advise medical advice for high-dose use. Pregnancy, kidney disease and certain medications change the picture.

Also seen as: L-ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, ascorbyl palmitate

What it is

Popular immune-positioning vitamin, also used for collagen formation. Salt forms (sodium, calcium ascorbate) are less acidic and easier on the stomach.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 80 mg/day, US DV 90 mg/day. Common label amounts range from 40 mg to 1,000 mg per serving.

What to check in a supplier pack

Which form is used and how much is 'elemental' — buffers change the weight of the ingredient but not the vitamin content. Effervescent products usually carry high sodium.

Cautions worth knowing

High intakes can cause digestive upset and, in some people, increase oxalate stone risk. Very high doses may affect certain laboratory tests.

Also seen as: retinol, retinyl acetate/palmitate, beta-carotene, RE, RAE

What it is

Used in vision and skin products. Preformed retinol (animal-derived) and provitamin A carotenoids (plant) behave differently and are declared differently on labels.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 800 µg RE/day, US DV 900 µg RAE/day. Preformed retinol and beta-carotene are not interchangeable in a formula.

What to check in a supplier pack

Which form is used, whether µg RE/RAE or IU is stated, and whether the product stacks with a separate multivitamin — accidental double dosing is common in this category.

Cautions worth knowing

Preformed vitamin A is fat-soluble and accumulates. High intakes in pregnancy are specifically cautioned against by health authorities; beta-carotene supplements have additional warnings for smokers.

Also seen as: alpha-tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, mixed tocopherols, IU

What it is

Antioxidant vitamin used in skin and general wellness products. Natural (d-alpha, RRR) and synthetic (dl-alpha) forms differ in activity.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 12 mg/day, US DV 15 mg/day. Labels may state mg α-tocopherol or IU, which are not the same unit.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the label uses mg or IU and which form is declared — synthetic dl- is roughly half as active, so the two are not equivalent.

Cautions worth knowing

High-dose supplementation has been studied extensively and is not recommended for everyone; people on blood-thinning medication should take advice first.

Also seen as: phylloquinone K1, menaquinone K2, MK-4, MK-7

What it is

K1 comes from green leaves; K2 (MK-4, MK-7) is fermented and widely marketed in bone and cardiovascular products.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 75 µg/day, US DV 120 µg/day. MK-7 products commonly show 45–200 µg per serving.

What to check in a supplier pack

Which menaquinone is used and how it is stabilised — K2 is sensitive to light and heat, so the supplier's stability data matters.

Cautions worth knowing

Vitamin K interacts directly with anticoagulant therapy. Products containing it must carry a clear warning in most markets.

Also seen as: cobalamin, cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin

What it is

Essential for nerve and blood function; the key supplement for vegan and vegetarian diets and for people with absorption issues.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 2.5 µg/day, US DV 2.4 µg/day. Supplements often show 10–1,000 µg because absorption falls off sharply at higher intakes.

What to check in a supplier pack

Which form is used, and whether the delivery format (spray, sublingual, gummy, capsule) has stability data — B12 degrades with light and heat.

Cautions worth knowing

Deficiency is diagnosed by a clinician, not by a supplement label. High-dose B12 is generally considered low risk but should not replace investigation of symptoms.

Also seen as: folic acid, 5-MTHF, methylfolate, calcium L-methylfolate, DFE

What it is

B vitamin used in pregnancy-positioned products and general multivitamins. Folic acid (synthetic) and 5-MTHF (active form) are declared separately.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 200 µg/day, US DV 400 µg DFE/day. Pregnancy-specific products usually declare their own amount.

What to check in a supplier pack

Which form is used — 5-MTHF forms are often dosed in terms of the salt, so the declared 'folate' content is not the same as the weight of the ingredient.

Cautions worth knowing

High folic acid intakes can mask B12 deficiency; prenatal dosing decisions belong with a health professional.

Also seen as: pyridoxine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, P5P

What it is

B vitamin in energy and nervous-system products, alone or within a B-complex.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 1.4 mg/day, US DV 1.7 mg/day. Labels frequently exceed the reference value by a large multiple.

What to check in a supplier pack

The declared amount per dose and whether it is in a B-complex, where several products stack.

Cautions worth knowing

Long-term high-dose intake is associated with nerve symptoms in some people; several authorities publish upper limits and advise against sustained high doses.

Also seen as: vitamin H, D-biotin

What it is

Hair, skin and nail positioning; one of the most heavily marketed beauty-from-within ingredients.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 50 µg/day, US DV 30 µg/day. Marketing doses are frequently 5,000–10,000 µg.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the formula includes a clear 'does not support hair regrowth' style qualifier — several authorities advise against strong claims for this ingredient.

Cautions worth knowing

High-dose biotin is well known to interfere with hormone and cardiac laboratory immunoassays, which can produce misleading results. This warning should reach consumers in plain language.

Also seen as: B1, B2, B3, B5, nicotinamide, niacinamide

What it is

Energy-metabolism vitamins almost always sold together as a B-complex rather than individually.

On the label

Reference (EU NRV / US DV): B1 1.1/1.2 mg, B2 1.4/1.3 mg, niacin 16/16 mg NE, pantothenic acid 6/5 mg.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether niacin is declared as nicotinic acid (flushing) or nicotinamide (non-flush) — the two behave very differently, and only one causes the well-known flush.

Cautions worth knowing

High-dose nicotinic acid has been used as a prescription treatment and is not an over-the-counter solution; liver effects are documented at high doses.

Also seen as: citrate, glycinate/bisglycinate, oxide, malate, threonate, taurate

What it is

One of the highest-volume supplement minerals, used in sleep, muscle and relaxation products. The salt form drives both absorption and price.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 375 mg/day, US DV 420 mg/day. Percentage elemental magnesium per gram varies widely between salts.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the label declares elemental magnesium or the weight of the compound — 'magnesium glycinate 1,000 mg' is not 1,000 mg of magnesium.

Cautions worth knowing

Oxide forms act as laxatives; people with kidney impairment must not supplement magnesium without medical advice.

Also seen as: picolinate, citrate, gluconate, bisglycinate, oxide, sulfate

What it is

Immune and skin positioning, often paired with vitamin C in lozenges and with biotin in hair formulas.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 10 mg/day, US DV 11 mg/day.

What to check in a supplier pack

The elemental zinc content and whether the product stacks with a multivitamin — many do, and the totals are rarely added up by the buyer.

Cautions worth knowing

Authorities publish upper limits for supplemental zinc (EFSA around 25 mg/day, US 40 mg/day). Chronic high doses interfere with copper status. Lozenges can cause nausea.

Also seen as: ferrous sulfate, fumarate, gluconate, bisglycinate, carbonyl iron

What it is

Supplements for diagnosed deficiency and pregnancy products. Tolerability is the main formulation problem.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 14 mg/day, US DV 18 mg/day. Therapeutic doses are much higher and belong under medical supervision.

What to check in a supplier pack

The elemental iron content, the form, and whether packaging includes the child-warning symbols required in many markets.

Cautions worth knowing

Iron overdose in children is a serious medical emergency, which is why several countries require specific warnings and pack formats. Constipation and nausea are common at higher doses.

Also seen as: carbonate, citrate, malate, hydroxyapatite, from algae

What it is

Bone-health products, often combined with vitamin D3 and K2 and with magnesium.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 800 mg/day, US DV 1,300 mg/day.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the label declares elemental calcium versus compound weight, and how many tablets a 'serving' actually requires.

Cautions worth knowing

Absorption is better in divided doses; high-dose calcium supplements are associated with digestive side effects and have been discussed in relation to cardiovascular risk. Take medical advice for therapeutic use.

Also seen as: selenomethionine, selenite, yeast-bound

What it is

Antioxidant mineral used in thyroid and immune-positioned products; a narrow margin between intake and excess.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 55 µg/day, US DV 55 µg/day.

What to check in a supplier pack

Which form is used and the exact µg declared — the difference between a reference intake and an excessive intake is small in this ingredient.

Cautions worth knowing

EFSA and other authorities publish upper limits (around 250–300 µg/day for adults). Selenium toxicity is real and symptoms include hair loss and nail changes.

Also seen as: potassium iodide, kelp, seaweed, iodised salt

What it is

Thyroid nutrition, often supplied unintentionally through kelp and seaweed blends rather than as a declared ingredient.

On the label

Reference: EU NRV 150 µg/day, US DV 150 µg/day.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether kelp or seaweed is in the blend and how its iodine content varies — natural sources are notoriously inconsistent, which is a real QC problem.

Cautions worth knowing

Both deficiency and excess affect the thyroid. Products containing kelp should declare iodine content; many do not, which is a labelling weakness worth raising with a supplier.

Also seen as: trace minerals

What it is

Trace minerals included at low levels in multivitamins and in glucose-metabolism or sports formulations.

On the label

Reference (EU NRV / US DV): copper 1/0.9 mg, chromium 40/35 µg, manganese 2/2.3 mg, molybdenum 50/45 µg, potassium 2,000/4,700 mg.

What to check in a supplier pack

Chromium picolinate has a long history of overstated claims — check that formulation wording keeps within authorised claims for your market.

Cautions worth knowing

Trace minerals interact with each other (zinc and copper in particular). Potassium is restricted in supplement dosage in several markets and this must be checked per country.

Also seen as: fish oil, algae oil, krill oil, cod liver oil, ALA

What it is

One of the largest supplement categories. The active quantity on a label is the sum of EPA and DHA, not the total oil weight.

On the label

Labels usually declare total fish oil, then EPA and DHA separately. Common market amounts for combined EPA+DHA range from about 250 mg to 1,000 mg per serving.

What to check in a supplier pack

The oxidation status of the oil (peroxide and TOTOX values), the source fishery or algae strain, heavy-metal testing, and whether an independent batch programme is used.

Cautions worth knowing

People taking anticoagulants should seek advice. Rancid oil is a quality failure rather than a safety profile — which is why oxidation data belongs in the supplier pack.

Also seen as: MCT oil, DHA algal, black seed oil, evening primrose, GLA

What it is

Carrier and active oils used in keto, vegan and women's health products.

On the label

MCT is usually declared by C8/C10 fraction; algal DHA is declared in mg DHA.

What to check in a supplier pack

Oxidation, packaging format (glass vs PET), and whether the supplier can provide a certificate of analysis per batch rather than per product.

Cautions worth knowing

High-dose MCT can cause digestive upset. Botanical oils can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people.

Also seen as: Creapure, micronised creatine, HCl

What it is

The most studied sports supplement, sold as monohydrate powder, capsules and gummies. Creapure is a brand of monohydrate, not a different molecule.

On the label

Common market amounts: around 3–5 g per day in sports nutrition products; clinical protocols are set by clinicians, not by labels.

What to check in a supplier pack

Purity and heavy-metal testing, and the brand/grade of raw material. Gummies are harder to formulate — ask for stability data.

Cautions worth knowing

People with kidney conditions should take advice. Creatine increases water retention in muscle, which is often misread as weight gain.

Also seen as: WPI, WPC, isolate, pea, rice, soy, blend

What it is

Protein powders sold to consumers and used as an ingredient in bars, drinks and 'high-protein' foods.

On the label

Declared as protein per serving, usually with an amino-acid profile. Protein content per 100 g differs hugely between concentrate and isolate.

What to check in a supplier pack

Protein content on a dry basis, amino-acid profile, allergen management, and whether the manufacturer participates in a banned-substance testing programme.

Cautions worth knowing

Allergen declaration (milk, soy, nuts) is a labelling obligation and a recall risk. Heavy-metal testing matters for rice and cocoa-based plant proteins.

Also seen as: hydrolysed collagen, marine collagen, bovine, types I and III, Verisol

What it is

Beauty-from-within and joint products; the highest-volume crossover between the skincare and supplement categories.

On the label

Common market amounts: 2.5–15 g per day depending on the study the brand references.

What to check in a supplier pack

Molecular weight distribution, source species and country of origin, and whether a branded peptide with its own studies is being used.

Cautions worth knowing

Collagen is animal-derived, which matters for vegan and some religious markets. Evidence is strongest for skin elasticity and joint comfort, not for 'replacing' collagen.

Also seen as: beta-NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide

What it is

NAD-precursor ingredients marketed in longevity products. The clearest example on this site of a category where regulatory status, not marketing, decides what you can sell.

On the label

Label amounts vary widely; there is no established reference intake.

What to check in a supplier pack

Regulatory status in the destination market before anything else. Several authorities have taken the position that these cannot be sold as supplements, or require a novel-food authorisation, while others have not authorised them at all.

Cautions worth knowing

Do not assume a product that sells in one country may be imported into another. Confirm the position with the relevant authority or a regulatory consultant before ordering stock.

Also seen as: Withania somnifera, KSM-66, Shoden, root vs root+leaf

What it is

Adaptogen used in stress and sleep products; among the fastest-growing botanicals in Western markets.

On the label

Common market amounts: root extracts are frequently 300–600 mg per day; standardisation is usually expressed as withanolides.

What to check in a supplier pack

Root-only versus root-and-leaf material, withanolide content, extraction method, and pesticide and heavy-metal testing — this botanical attracts scrutiny.

Cautions worth knowing

Liver-related adverse reports have led some authorities to require warnings. Not for use in pregnancy; caution with thyroid medication and sedatives.

Also seen as: Curcuma longa, curcuminoids, piperine, phytosome, Meriva

What it is

Anti-inflammatory positioning, usually formulated for bioavailability because plain curcumin is poorly absorbed.

On the label

Label amounts usually quote curcuminoids (often 95% standardised) rather than the raw root powder.

What to check in a supplier pack

Standardisation, the bioavailability system used (piperine, phospholipid, micellar), and lead testing — turmeric is a known heavy-metal risk crop.

Cautions worth knowing

Can interact with anticoagulants and some chemotherapy agents; caution with gallstones. High-dose supplements are not the same as culinary turmeric.

Also seen as: Camellia sinensis, catechins, EGCG

What it is

Metabolism and antioxidant positioning, usually standardised to EGCG.

On the label

Labels often declare total catechins and EGCG separately.

What to check in a supplier pack

EGCG content per dose and whether the product is taken with food — this is a case where the label instruction is a safety control, not a preference.

Cautions worth knowing

Concentrated green tea extracts have been linked to liver injury, particularly on an empty stomach or at high doses. Several authorities require warnings.

Also seen as: Berberis aristata, dihydroberberine

What it is

Glucose-metabolism positioning; popular on social channels and a frequent target for overstated claims.

On the label

Common market amounts: 500 mg per dose, often up to 1,500 mg per day in products.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether marketing copy stays within permitted claims — this ingredient is one of the most common sources of enforcement action.

Cautions worth knowing

Significant interactions with prescription medicines, including diabetes and blood-pressure medication. Not for use in pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Also seen as: lion's mane, reishi, chaga, cordyceps, mycelium, fruiting body

What it is

Cognitive and immune positioning; the fastest-growing botanical category in drinks, powders and gummies.

On the label

Labels should state whether the material is mycelium-on-grain or fruiting body extract, and the beta-glucan content.

What to check in a supplier pack

Fruiting body versus mycelium, beta-glucan content measured as a quality marker, and starch content — grain-grown mycelium can be mostly filler.

Cautions worth knowing

Allergy risk in people sensitive to moulds. Evidence for specific cognitive claims in humans is limited; keep claims modest.

Also seen as: N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, prolonged release

What it is

Sleep-positioning ingredient whose legal status varies dramatically between countries — a supplement in some markets, a prescription medicine in others.

On the label

In markets where it is sold freely, label amounts commonly range from 0.5 mg to 5 mg.

What to check in a supplier pack

Confirm the legal classification in the destination market before formulating. In parts of Europe it is prescription-only, and in the European Union there are restrictions on what may be sold as a food supplement.

Cautions worth knowing

Not for children without medical advice; caution in pregnancy and with sedatives. Drowsiness affects driving.

Also seen as: ubiquinone, ubiquinol, ALA, R-ALA, PQQ

What it is

Mitochondrial and antioxidant positioning, often combined with B vitamins in energy products.

On the label

Labels declare the form (ubiquinone vs ubiquinol) and mg per serving.

What to check in a supplier pack

Oil-based delivery versus dry powder, and light/temperature stability — CoQ10 degrades and prices move quickly.

Cautions worth knowing

CoQ10 can interact with anticoagulants. ALA may affect blood sugar control in people on diabetes medication.

Also seen as: cannabidiol, full spectrum, broad spectrum, isolate

What it is

A category where regulatory position, not consumer demand, determines commercial viability in each market.

On the label

Declared as mg CBD per unit; test results should be available from an accredited laboratory.

What to check in a supplier pack

Legal status in the destination country, THC limits, novel-food or equivalent authorisations, and batch certificates showing cannabinoid profile and contaminants.

Cautions worth knowing

Status ranges from fully authorised to prohibited. Never take a supplier's assurance about legality as the basis for an order — verify with the authority or a regulatory adviser.

Also seen as: CFU, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, spore-forming

What it is

Live cultures sold as capsules, powders, drinks and gummies. Strain specificity and stability are the whole product.

On the label

Declared as CFU (colony-forming units) per dose, ideally with a 'through end of shelf life' statement rather than at manufacture.

What to check in a supplier pack

Exact strains with deposit numbers, CFU at end of shelf life, water activity, packaging moisture barrier, and whether the supplier offers stability data at your target storage conditions.

Cautions worth knowing

Immunocompromised people and those with central lines should take medical advice. Gummies are a difficult format for live cultures — ask for the validation data.

Also seen as: psyllium, inulin, chicory root, FOS, GOS, PHGG, acacia

What it is

Bulk fibre and prebiotic powders used in gut-health and satiety products.

On the label

Declared in grams per serving; inulin and GOS are often dosed at 3–8 g per day in market products.

What to check in a supplier pack

The fibre method used for the declared figure (AOAC methods differ), and whether the product makes a fibre claim that requires a minimum content per 100 g.

Cautions worth knowing

Introduce gradually — bloating is the most common complaint. Psyllium requires adequate fluid intake and is a choking risk if taken dry.

Also seen as: nicotinamide, vitamin B3 topical

What it is

One of the most used skincare actives, valued for barrier and tone support, and cheap enough for mass-market formulations.

On the label

Market concentrations are commonly 2–10%; most products sit at 2–5%.

What to check in a supplier pack

The declared percentage, pH of the finished product, and compatibility testing with other actives in the same formula.

Cautions worth knowing

Higher concentrations are not automatically better and can cause irritation or flushing in sensitive skin.

Also seen as: retinol, retinal, retinyl palmitate, encapsulated retinol

What it is

Ageing-positioned actives. In cosmetics these are distinct from prescription retinoids such as tretinoin, which are medicines.

On the label

Typical cosmetic market concentrations run from about 0.1% to 0.3% retinol, with lower limits applying to body products in some jurisdictions.

What to check in a supplier pack

Concentration declared as retinol equivalent, the delivery system (encapsulation, oil), packaging to limit oxidation, and the current concentration limits for your market — the European Union tightened these recently and the annexes change.

Cautions worth knowing

Photo-irritation and peeling are common; pregnancy advice differs between markets and should be checked. Stability is the main formulation challenge.

Also seen as: L-ascorbic acid, ascorbyl glucoside, THD ascorbate, MAP

What it is

Brightening and antioxidant positioning. The form chosen decides both efficacy and how the product behaves on the shelf.

On the label

L-ascorbic acid products commonly sit at 8–20%; derivative forms are used at higher percentages.

What to check in a supplier pack

Form and percentage, pH, whether the packaging excludes air and light, and whether the supplier provides a colour and assay test after accelerated ageing.

Cautions worth knowing

L-ascorbic acid oxidises visibly — a brown product has lost much of its value. Sensitive skin may react at higher percentages.

Also seen as: glycolic, lactic, mandelic, salicylic acid, betaine salicylate

What it is

Chemical exfoliants in toners, peels and cleansers; strongly regulated in several markets.

On the label

Many markets cap consumer AHA products at 10% with a minimum pH and require a sunburn warning; salicylic acid has separate leave-on and rinse-off limits.

What to check in a supplier pack

The exact acid, free-acid concentration, finished-product pH, and the mandatory warnings for the destination market.

Cautions worth knowing

Salicylic acid is cautioned in pregnancy in many markets. Peels above consumer concentration limits are professional-use products and need a different route to market.

Also seen as: UV filters, mineral filters, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, avobenzone

What it is

The most heavily regulated cosmetic category. In some markets sunscreen is a cosmetic; in others it is an over-the-counter drug.

On the label

SPF and, where required, UVA protection must be substantiated by testing; broad-spectrum claims have specific definitions per market.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the destination treats sunscreen as a cosmetic or a drug — this changes testing, registration and packaging entirely — and which filters are permitted there.

Cautions worth knowing

Permitted filter lists differ between the EU, US, Australia and Asia, and approved filters in one market may be unapproved in another. Confirm before formulating.

Also seen as: phenoxyethanol, parabens, MIT/CMIT, essential oils, limonene, linalool

What it is

The ingredients that decide a product's shelf life and, often, its recall risk. Fragrance allergens are the most common cause of cosmetic contact allergy.

On the label

Concentrations are capped in many markets (for example phenoxyethanol at 1% in the EU). Declarable fragrance allergens must be listed on the label once they exceed the relevant threshold.

What to check in a supplier pack

Concentration of each preservative, the preservative efficacy test (challenge test) report, and full allergen declaration for every marketed fragrance.

Cautions worth knowing

Preservative limits and allergen label lists differ by market and change with regulation. A formula legal in one country may be non-compliant in another.

Also seen as: clinical claims, before and after, dermatologically tested, hypoallergenic

What it is

Claims such as 'clinically proven', 'dermatologically tested' or 'hypoallergenic' are regulated statements that require evidence held on file.

On the label

Claim wording should be supported by a documented study design, sample size and endpoint for the market where it is sold.

What to check in a supplier pack

Ask the supplier for the study protocol and report behind every strong claim, and whether the study was conducted on the finished formula or on a single ingredient.

Cautions worth knowing

'Ingredient-level' studies are frequently used to imply finished-product performance. Regulators in several markets treat that as misleading.

Also seen as: photobiomodulation, LED mask, panel

What it is

Consumer light devices positioned for skin and recovery. Regulated as medical devices in some markets and as general consumer electronics in others.

On the label

Declared in wavelength (nm), irradiance and dose (J/cm²), not only in minutes.

What to check in a supplier pack

Classification in the destination market, electrical safety certification, EMC testing, and whether performance claims are supported by dosimetry rather than marketing copy.

Cautions worth knowing

Unsupported therapeutic claims are the main enforcement risk. Eye safety instructions must be clear for face masks.

Also seen as: percussive therapy, electrical stimulation, EMS

What it is

High-volume devices where the difference between a massager and a medical device determines the whole compliance route.

On the label

Output parameters, battery certification, and clear contraindication lists for TENS products.

What to check in a supplier pack

Whether the intended claims make it a medical device in the destination market, and the corresponding registration or 510(k)/CE pathway.

Cautions worth knowing

TENS is contraindicated with pacemakers and in pregnancy in most instructions. Charging systems must meet the local battery and electrical safety rules.

Also seen as: BP monitor, pulse oximeter, infrared thermometer, smart scale

What it is

Home health tools with the clearest medical-device status of any category on this page.

On the label

Accuracy specification and validation standard used (for example a published validation protocol for BP devices).

What to check in a supplier pack

Regulatory clearance in the destination market, the accuracy validation report, and calibration and after-sales obligations that come with device status.

Cautions worth knowing

Selling an unregistered medical device is a serious infringement in most markets and can result in seizure of stock. Verify clearance before ordering.

Also seen as: hair stylers, IPL devices, facial devices, ultrasonic cleaners

What it is

Rechargeable beauty hardware where electrical safety, battery shipping rules and market access all need planning.

On the label

Voltage, plug type and battery certification for the destination market.

What to check in a supplier pack

Safety certification (for example CE/UKCA marking requirements, or the equivalent in your market), battery UN 38.3 test reports for shipping, and plug standard.

Cautions worth knowing

IPL devices are regulated as cosmetics or devices depending on the market. Lithium batteries add transport documentation and cost.